Variables and Argument Passing

a = [1, 2, 3]
b = a
a.append(4) # b = [1, 2, 3, 4]

• When you pass objects as arguments to a function, new local variables are created referencing the original objects without any copying.

def append_element(some_list, element):
  some_list.append(element)

data = [1, 2, 3]

append_element(data, 4) # data = [1, 2, 3, 4]

• To check if two references refer to the same object, use the is keyword.
• Comparing with is not the same as the == operator.

a = [1, 2, 3]
b = a
a is b # True
c = list(a)
a is c # False
a == c # True

Convert num to a bit

"{0:b}".format(15)